Simulations
Simulations: A Definition
A simulation is when multiple agencies identify a potential problem, write the scenario (i.e., earthquake, flash flood, hurricane), and then use responders and role players to act out their respective parts. The major emphasis of a simulation is to literally push a domino, watch what happens and thoroughly assess each step along the way. Structured correctly, simulations can inform responders, including schools, of what works and what doesn't.
Simulations with schools are important for public agencies such as law enforcement, public health, fire or mental health. Public systems often have little idea of what is actually involved when 400 to 4,000 students are part of the response equation. Simulations also provide all participating agencies with the opportunity to practice Unified Command, one of the mandated NIMS components.
Simulations are different from drills and functional exercises. In functional exercises, participants practice what to do, and "holes" are identified. For schools, drills are simplified exercises. Simulations actually test the unknown and should identify next steps that districts and partnering agencies need to take.
As an analogy, districts and schools utilize the simulation process when implementing new curriculum. Try it, assess it. Keep what works; change what doesn't. This is the same process for Safety Simulations.
Cautionary Notes
When entering into a simulation agreement with other systems, it is critical that schools have a voice at the table. Educators know what works with students; municipalities and public safety do not have the same insights. Simulation planning can take a considerable amount of time, especially when students are involved. An experienced consultant can be invaluable in both bridging systems and ensuring the well-being of educational participants.
Code Red Expertise
Carla Holtzclaw has co-coordinated active shooter/terrorist simulations involving 700 to 6,500 participants, including students, educators, parents, law enforcement, fire departments, hospitals and Office of Emergency Services. She has been an evaluator for natural disaster and bio-terrorist exercises as well as the principal facilitator for actual critical incident de-briefings that further inform law enforcement and education professionals in the important work of school safety.
Kathy McKenna is considered a subject matter expert in exercise design, development and management. She has been involved in the Bay Area Regional Coordination Plan Exercise Series, Bay Area SUASI (Super Urban Area Security Initiative) training and exercise team assessing the resources and training requirements of the ten Bay Area Counties; San Jose Urban Area Tactical Interoperable Communications Plan Functional Exercise. She has worked as a consultant in helping to facilitate anti-terrorism/force protection WMD exercises.